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The head of the American Lung Association says Trump’s EPA cuts should be ‘rejected out of hand’

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Trump

The head of the American Lung Association (ALA) has weighed in on Trump's plan to slash funding and staff at the Environmental Protection Agency, calling it a "disastrous strategy."

Under the 1972 Clean Air Act, the EPA is responsible for evaluating and regulating air quality and safety in the US. The agency famously (and controversially) has taken that mandate to mean setting greenhouse gas standards for polluting industries.

But, to much less fanfare, that's also meant preventing dangerous chemical releases into the atmosphere and working to combat day-to-day risks like secondhand smoke.

That means the EPA's work is top of mind for healthcare professionals who look after the nation's lungs.

"The extensive cuts put forward by the Trump Administration should be rejected out of hand, as they would significantly weaken lung health protections," said Harold Wimmer, the ALA chief, in a statement.

Trump's proposal would take $2 billion out of the EPA's $8 billion budget, and use it to help fund a $54 billion boost to the $560 billion Pentagon budget. The agency would loose about 3,000 of its 15,000 staffers in the process.

"Cuts to key lung health programs at EPA and HHS make Americans less secure and less protected from known health threats such as the next influenza pandemic and air pollution," Wimmer said. "Our nation’s scientists and doctors will be less likely to find cures and better treatments for the millions of Americans with lung cancer, COPD and asthma."

He also raised concerns about weakening the country's ability to clean up air pollution with a hamstrung EPA.

You can read the full release from the ALA below:

WASHINGTON, D.C. (March 2, 2017) – President Trump’s proposal to significantly cut funding for domestic spending programs would include critical federal health agencies, including the Environmental Protection Agency and agencies within the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). In response, Harold P. Wimmer, National President and CEO of the American Lung Association, issued the following statement:

“Slashing funding for programs that are proven to save lives is a disastrous strategy; cuts to key lung health programs at EPA and HHS make Americans less secure and less protected from known health threats such as the next influenza pandemic and air pollution. Our nation’s scientists and doctors will be less likely to find cures and better treatments for the millions of Americans with lung cancer, COPD and asthma.

“The extensive cuts put forward by the Trump Administration should be rejected out of hand, as they would significantly weaken lung health protections. Significant cuts to federal public health and biomedical infrastructure would mean more lives affected by, and lost to lung diseases.

“The current federal budget supports core programs that protect the health of Americans. Draconian cuts to EPA would dramatically weaken our nation’s ability to clean up air pollution under the Clean Air Act; a law that has saved hundreds of thousands of lives over the past four decades. Cuts to HHS would significantly reduce researchers’ ability to find better treatments and cures for lung cancer and other lung diseases, and would further overwhelm our already over-burdened public health infrastructure.

“The American Lung Association calls on Congress to work across party lines to enact long-term federal spending plans via a balanced approach that provides much-needed resources to health programs and other non-defense discretionary accounts.”

SEE ALSO: Trump's budget could cut 3,000 staff from the EPA, report suggests

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NOW WATCH: This common feeling is worse for your health than smoking or obesity


Here are the qualifications of all 13 people who served as Secretary of Energy before Rick Perry

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Rick Perry

In a 62-37 vote, the Senate has voted to confirm Rick Perry as the Secretary of Energy under President Donald Trump. 

Perry, who graduated from Texas A&M with a bachelor's degree in animal science, will guide research and policy related to energy production in the US, handle issues related to radioactive waste disposal, lead nuclear reactor projects, and run the US' system of national laboratories. He will also oversee grants that fund scientific research.

That's in addition, of course, to being responsible for the nation's nuclear arsenal.

Unlike those who filled the role before him over the last decade, Perry does not have a professional background in science. (He also once suggested he'd like to eliminate the Department of Energy, though he has since reversed his stance on the matter.)

Perry won't be the first non-scientist to head the department. From the 1970s until 2005, the post was held by people without science or engineering degrees (mostly politicians and lawyers). After that, all Secretaries of Energy had held PhDs until now. Take a look:

SEE ALSO: Scientists around the world are worried about a Trump team proposal to ax NASA's 58-year mission to study the Earth

DON'T MISS: California governor: 'If Trump turns off the satellites, California will launch its own damn satellite'

1977-1979: James Schlesinger

James Schlesinger was the first US Secretary of Energy, a Republican picked by President Jimmy Carter to head the department just after it was formed. Schlesinger had led the Department of Defense from 1973-1975 and played a significant role in national nuclear policy. As Secretary of Energy, he worked to consolidate the department's functions, which had previously been distributed across several agencies, and funded research efforts that included one of the first federal investigations into the impact of carbon dioxide on our atmosphere.



1979-1981: Charles Duncan Jr.

The second Secretary of Energy under Carter, Duncan also previously served as Secretary of Defense. Carter was criticized for the selection because Duncan, a former executive in the coffee industry, had no direct experience with oil. As secretary, Duncan worked on negotiations with OPEC during a tough period in the global oil economy.



1981-1982: James Edwards

James Edwards was President Ronald Reagan's first Secretary of Energy. A former governor of South Carolina with a background in oral surgery, Edwards was known as a proponent of nuclear energy, and, like Perry once promised to dismantle the Department of Energy (he didn't, of course).

The New York Times reports that Edwards "struggled" in the post — he was criticized for his lack of expertise in the field and hamstrung by the Reagan administration's distaste for the department.



See the rest of the story at Business Insider

Trump's EPA budget would slash efforts to clean up lead pollution

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WASHINGTON (Reuters) - The White House is proposing to slash a quarter of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's budget, targeting climate-change programs and those designed to prevent air and water pollution like lead contamination, a source with direct knowledge of the proposal said on Thursday.

President Donald Trump has long signaled his intention to reverse former Democratic President Barack Obama's climate-change initiatives. But the Republican president has vowed his planned overhaul of green regulation would not jeopardize America's water and air quality.

The 23-page 2018 budget proposal, which aims to slice the environmental regulator's overall budget by 25 percent to $6.1 billion and staffing by 20 percent to 12,400 as part of a broader effort to fund increased military spending, would cut deeply into programs like climate protection, environmental justice and enforcement.

State grants for lead cleanup, for example, would be cut 30 percent to $9.8 million.

The Washington Post was first to report the staff and overall budget cuts, but the source disclosed new details on the impact the cuts would have on programs.

The EPA had until Wednesday to report back to the White House. The agency did not immediately respond to a request for comment on the budget proposal or its counter proposal.

The proposal, sent to the EPA this week, would cut into grants that support American Indian tribes and energy efficiency initiatives, according to the source, who read the document to Reuters.

State grants for lead cleanup, for example, would be cut 30 percent to $9.8 million. Grants to help native tribes combat pollution would be cut 30 percent to $45.8 million. An EPA climate protection program on cutting emissions of greenhouse gases like methane that contribute to global warming would be cut 70 percent to $29 million.

The proposal would cut funding for the brownfields industrial site cleanup program by 42 percent to $14.7 million. It would also reduce funding for enforcing pollution laws by 11 percent to $153 million.

The budget did not cut state revolving funds for programs, that Congress tapped last year to provide aid to Flint, Michigan, for its lead pollution crisis.

All staff at a research program, called Global Change Research, as well as 37 other programs would be cut under the plan.

Congressional Hurdles

The Republican-led Congress would have to approve any EPA cuts. Some of the cuts are unlikely to pass as they are popular with both Democrats and Republicans. Congress would be unlikely to approve a proposal to cut all staff in a diesel emissions program, for example.

Scott Pruitt, the new head of the EPA, told U.S. mayors on Thursday he would make a priority of cleanups of industrial and hazardous waste sites and improving water infrastructure, even as the White House proposed severe proposed cuts to those programs.

"In this budget discussion that is ongoing with Congress that is just starting, there are some concerns about some of these grant programs that EPA has been a part of historically," Pruitt said.

"I want you to know that with the White House and also with Congress, I am communicating a message that the brownfields program, the Superfund program and the water infrastructure grants and state revolving funds are essential to protect," he said.

A state air pollution expert said the program cuts, if enacted, would harm some of the people most at risk from particulate and lead contamination.

"Any of these programs where they've cut air pollution or water pollution is going to have a direct effect on inner cities," said Bill Becker, director of the National Association of Clean Air Agencies.

SEE ALSO: The EPA will no longer require oil and gas companies to report their methane emissions

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NOW WATCH: Flint school principal says special education caseload doubled since the water crisis

96% of people fail when they try to better themselves — here are 3 ways to make sure you don't

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seminarA while back, my company polled over 1,000 people who invested in personal development seminars/courses, set goals, and worked on those goals for 90 days.

The data from those polls was pretty shocking — 96% of their personal development efforts completely failed.

There's a joke that goes, "I'm opening a gym called Resolutions. It will have exercise equipment in it for the first two weeks and then it turns into a bar for the remainder of the year." 

It's funny because, culturally, we know it's a thing — but quantifying it helped understand to what extent.

But what exactly is the reason for this? And more importantly, how can we prevent it? Much of this has to do with personality type. Just like our bodies wildly vary in size, likelihood of heart disease, and fat retention, our personalities are much the same way.

So let's start with a breakdown of the major types of people we run into:

1. People with a strong bias toward action

By and large, these are the people who hit their goals. Many imperfect actions will get you far further than not doing anything at all. In fact, a daily habit of writing or training at the gym is just that — taking action, rarely ever perfect, day after day.

These people are likely to change whether they read the self-help book, go to the seminar, or not. But they still read books and attend conferences because they understand and practice the principle of the slight edge: the little things they to do repeatedly lead to big changes in their lives.

2. People who need a catalyst

This group of people change because of the effort they put into their personal development. Taking big action doesn't come naturally to this group, as it does for the first. If the right seminar, coach, teacher or mentor lights a fire under their ass, they change and they become people in the first group.

Often that nudge, or initial momentum is enough to get people moving. This is a tricky place to be because while external motivation is fine to get started, these people will have to find the discipline to stay on top of their habits- especially for the majority of the time when they don't feel motivated. For this group, optimizing their environments is key. More on that shortly.

3. People who are addicted to inspirational Kool-Aid

Marketing expert Dan Kennedy says a good amount of the people that buy his products never remove the shrink-wrap. There are other people who spend their entire lives going from one personal development seminar to another, but nothing ever changes.

These people believe in the myth of the "I've made it" moment. They think that the next course, book, or seminar will transform them in an instant, into the kind of person who is in the first or second group. It's likely that the majority of the revenue generated by the personal development industry comes from this group of people. For this group especially, the environments are absolutely critical.

Regardless of where you are in these groups, the key to stacking the odds in your favor is to get rid of everything that may take away from your mission — which takes us into the importance of environments.

The profound impact of environment

If you've ever been to a motivational seminar or conference, you've probably experienced the incredible "high" that occurs at the end of it. You feel like you're ready to conquer the world and accomplish anything. You've probably also noticed that a few days after the event is over the buzz wears off and everything is back to normal.

This happens because you go from being immersed in an intense uplifting environment, back to your normal environment. And your normal environment has all sorts of subconscious triggers and behaviors that are associated with it. Make no mistake — environment is stronger than willpower, and when it's bad, whatever change you're hoping to make won't stick. The vicious personal development cycle starts all over again.

How to start upgrading your environment

First, you have to become aware of the nine environments that make up your life, and then design an environment that is conducive to the person you want to become. Upgrading your environments doesn't require you to buy a McMansion and drive a Tesla — it doesn't have to cost anything.

Any of the following are simple environmental upgrades that you can make at little to no cost.

  1. Upgrade your physical appearance: Exercise, dress a bit better, and groom yourself as if you're about to have dinner with the president of the United States. Changing the way you dress and the way you look almost immediately changes the way you feel. I noticed this by something as simple as putting on my nicest pair of shoes when I was working from home. Your clothing doesn't have to be expensive or new, but wear clean, well-fitting clothes. You'll feel sharper.
  2. Upgrade your physical environment: Get your car washed and clear the clutter from your desk. A clear physical environment leads to a clear mind. My favorite example of a physical environment is the refrigerator. Imagine if you kept the fridge free of all the good stuff — the beer, ice cream, hot pockets, pizza. When you get home at the end of a long day and your willpower is at a minimum, that's the stuff you'd reach for. But if you eliminate it from your environment, it doesn't matter how little willpower you have — that's not a choice you have to make any more. You'll go for the healthy option — it's the only option you have. Optimizing your environments means setting up your surroundings to make the decisions — you are no longer a part of that process.
  3. Upgrade your network/social environment: If you become the average of the five people you surround yourself with, you'd likely want them to be people who lift you up rather than bring you down. A good amount of the upgrades in my personal mindset over the last two years have been the result of hanging out with my business partner, Brian. The digital world also gives you a significant amount of control over your network and social environment. So upgrade it accordingly.

Some expensive, but incredibly effective ways to upgrade your environment include moving to a different city or attending events like Jayson Gaignard's Mastermind Talks, where the room is filled with amazing people. Make the changes you're able to make now. But recognize that spending money on this stuff is like investing in your own stock — put the work in, and it's very profitable long term.

Each time you upgrade one environment, all the others will be impacted. The main reason that most personal development efforts fail is because most try to add in a bunch of new workouts and routines to their lives. In the process, they completely fail to take into account the impact of their environments. They really are that important.

I covered about three of the environments here because these three will create impacts in your life relatively quickly — but others make deeper, lasting impacts. I've written about all nine environments in another post, which you can find here.

Srini Rao is an author and host of The Unmistakable Creative Podcast, where he has interviewed over 500 successful creative people. Sign up for his free productivity and creativity bundle to gain skills and confidence to do more of what matters to you.

SEE ALSO: 7 tiny daily habits that can lead to huge results

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NOW WATCH: People are obsessed with this convenience store that's only in 6 states

These are officially the 19 most incredible photos taken by drone

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The 2016 SkyPixel Photo Contest has recognized the most beautiful and breathtaking aerial images taken by drone from around the world.

Along with Chinese technology company DJI, aerial photography community SkyPixel held a two-month long global competition, receiving over 27,000 entries from 131 countries around the world. 

A judging panel, made up of photojournalists from TIME and Condé Nast Traveler as well as prize-winning photographers, selected the winning photo as well as first, second, and third place winners in three different categories — "beauty,""360," and "drones in use."

It also awarded prizes for the most popular photos, judged by the most "likes" they received on SkyPixel. 

Photo of the Year was awarded to "Fishermen close to the net," taken by Ge Zheng in Fujian Province in China. "Reflections, colors, and the unique aerial perspective create a startling composition from netting, poles, and water," according to SkyPixel. 

Scroll down to see the 19 drone photos that have been named the most incredible in the world.

SEE ALSO: Humans have so fundamentally altered Earth that we're responsible for 208 never-before-seen minerals

DON'T MISS: A best-selling author reveals what it was like to get a flesh-eating disease while exploring a 'lost city' in the Honduran jungle

GRAND PRIZE

"Fishermen close to the net" by Ge Zheng



FIRST PRIZE, Beauty, Professional

"Exploration" by Hanbing Wang



SECOND PRIZE, Beauty, Professional

"Spillway selfie" by dixonltd_user



See the rest of the story at Business Insider

Polluted environments are killing 1.7 million children a year

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Children look for plastic bottles at the polluted Bagmati River in Kathmandu March 22, 2013. REUTERS/Navesh Chitrakar

LONDON (Reuters) - A quarter of all global deaths of children under five are due to unhealthy or polluted environments including dirty water and air, second-hand smoke and a lack or adequate hygiene, the World Health Organization (WHO) said on Monday.

Such unsanitary and polluted environments can lead to fatal cases of diarrhea, malaria and pneumonia, the WHO said in a report, and kill 1.7 million children a year.

"A polluted environment is a deadly one — particularly for young children," WHO Director-General Margaret Chan said in a statement. "Their developing organs and immune systems, and smaller bodies and airways, make them especially vulnerable to dirty air and water."

In the report — "Inheriting a sustainable world: Atlas on children's health and the environment"— the WHO said harmful exposure can start in the womb, and then continue if infants and toddlers are exposed to indoor and outdoor air pollution and second-hand smoke.

This increases their childhood risk of pneumonia as well as their lifelong risk of chronic respiratory diseases such as asthma. Air pollution also increases the lifelong risk of heart disease, stroke and cancer, the report said.

The report also noted that in households without access to safe water and sanitation, or that are polluted with smoke from unclean fuels such as coal or dung for cooking and heating, children are at higher risk of diarrhea and pneumonia.

Children are also exposed to harmful chemicals through food, water, air and products around them, it said.

Maria Neira, a WHO expert on public health, said this was a heavy toll, both in terms of deaths and long-term illness and disease rates. She urged governments to do more to make all places safe for children.

"Investing in the removal of environmental risks to health, such as improving water quality or using cleaner fuels, will result in massive health benefits," she said.

SEE ALSO: About 80% of all cities have worse air quality than what's considered healthy — here are the 15 with the worst air pollution

Join the conversation about this story »

NOW WATCH: People are obsessed with this convenience store that's only in 6 states

Spring has arrived 20 days early in New York City — according to plants and trees

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six leaf index anomaly

If you're looking at a calendar, you know that spring is just weeks away.

But if you're looking at the behavior of plants across a huge swath of the US — including Maryland, Virginia, and much of New York — spring is already here.

That's according to the National Phenology Network (NPN), a biological research organization that works with the US Geological Survey to track the cyclical behavior of plant life across the country.

NPN watches a number of "Extended Spring Indices," which use weather and plant behavioral data to track when the plants in a given region will start putting out leaves en masse — that is, when they will "start" spring.

This year has been marked by an unusually warm winter, which has led plants to begin spring rhythms very early. With each new leaf index map the NPN releases, the region of the country that's experiencing a premature spring has grown. On the most recent one, released, Monday, that region includes New York.

This GIF shows how the map has changed in recent weeks, as unseasonal plant behavior has moved north:

Of course, a warm February isn't necessarily followed by a warm March. Already, cold air and storms have made their way back into the forecast across much of the country. That could spell trouble for early-budding plants.

In Washington D.C., a weekend freeze followed the early bloom, "obliterating" the city's famous magnolia blossoms. Other plants that went into spring mode early may face similar dangers.

SEE ALSO: Chicago is a day away from breaking a weather streak that's lasted 146 years

Join the conversation about this story »

NOW WATCH: This startling animation shows how much Arctic sea ice has thinned in just 26 years

Surgeons just found 915 metal coins inside this endangered green sea turtle

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sea turtle swallows coins sakchai lalit AP_17065378889181

BANGKOK (AP) — Tossing coins in a fountain for luck is a popular superstition, but a similar belief brought misery to a sea turtle in Thailand from whom doctors have removed 915 coins.

Veterinarians in Bangkok operated Monday on the 25-year-old female green sea turtle nicknamed "Bank," whose indigestible diet was a result of many tourists seeking good fortune tossing coins into her pool over many years in the eastern town of Sri Racha.

Many Thais believe that throwing coins on turtles will bring longevity.

Typically, a green sea turtle has a lifespan of around 80 years, said Roongroje Thanawongnuwech, dean of Chulalongkorn University's veterinary faculty. It is listed as an endangered species by the International Union for Conservation of Nature.

The loose change eventually formed a heavy ball in her stomach weighing 5 kilograms (11 pounds). The weight cracked the turtle's ventral shell, causing a life-threatening infection.

sea turtle swallows coins sakchai lalit AP_17065378938490

Five surgeons from Chulalongkorn University's veterinary faculty patiently removed the coins over four hours while "Bank" was under general anesthesia.

The stash was too big to take out through the 10-cm (4-inch) incision they had made, so it had to be removed a few coins at a time. Many of them had corroded or partially dissolved.

"The result is satisfactory. Now it's up to Bank how much she can recover," said Pasakorn Briksawan, one of the surgical team. While recovering in Chulalongkorn University's animal hospital, the turtle will be on a liquid diet for the next two weeks.

Bank was brought in to veterinarians by the navy, which found her ailing in her seaside hometown.

sea turtle swallows coins sakchai lalit AP_17065378857437It was only after a detailed 3D scan that veterinarians pinpointed the weighty and unexpected problem. As well as the coins they also found 2 fish hooks, which were also removed today.

The surgery team leader said Monday that when she discovered the cause of the turtle's agony she was furious.

"I felt angry that humans, whether or not they meant to do it or if they did it without thinking, had caused harm to this turtle," said Nantarika Chansue, head of Chulalongkorn University's veterinary medical aquatic animal research center.

Thai media began publicizing the turtle's tale last month after she was found, and in response, some 15,000 baht ($428) in donations was raised from the public to pay for her surgery.

sea turtle swallows coins sakchai lalit AP_17065379078441

SEE ALSO: The best and worst countries in the world when it comes to air pollution and electricity use

DON'T MISS: An MIT startup made a simple device that turns filthy car exhaust into beautiful ink

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NOW WATCH: This turtle's-eye view of the Great Barrier Reef looks like something out of 'Finding Nemo'


EPA chief claims carbon dioxide is not a primary contributor to climate change, despite scientific consensus

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Scott Pruitt Joe Kernen

Scott Pruitt, President Donald Trump's Environmental Protection Agency administrator, did not say whether he accepts the scientific consensus that human activity is the main cause of climate change during his confirmation hearings.

Now that he's secured the position, he's making his opinions on the matter more clear.

Speaking to CNBC's Joe Kernen on March 9, Pruitt said he does not think CO2 is the primary contributor to global warming. He also suggested that there's "tremendous disagreement" about whether human activity is the main cause of climate change.

That's a flip from his position during his confirmation process, when he wrote that "the Administrator has an important role when it comes to the regulation of carbon dioxide," and pledged to uphold the EPA's finding that the greenhouse gas presents a danger and should be regulated.

Here's the transcript of Pruitt's exchange today:

Kernen: Do you believe that it’s been proven that CO2 is the primary control knob for climate?

Pruitt: No. I think that measuring with precision human activity on the climate is something very challenging to do and there’s tremendous disagreement about the degree of impact. So no, I would not agree that it is a primary contributor to the global warming that we see.

Kernen: Ok.

Pruitt: But we don’t know that yet. As far as, we need to continue the debate and analysis.

Kernen: I agree, when I hear the science is settled, I never heard that science had gotten to a point where it was, I thought that’s the point of science, that you keep asking questions, but I don’t want to be called a denier, it scares me, it’s a terrible thing to be called. Administrator Pruitt I know you don’t want to be called that either. Um, thanks for being with us this morning.

Pruitt: Thank you very much.

Contrary to Kernen's statements, there is no disagreement among the vast majority of scientists that human activity and carbon dioxide emissions are the primary drivers of global warming.

The EPA, in fact, has a fact sheet explaining how humans drive greenhouse gas emissions and climate change. The information comes from an international report prepared by thousands of scientists that shows humans account for at least half of all the warming in the world.

And there's plenty of evidence that suggests the warming we're seeing is not part of any natural cycle:

  • All sixteen of the warmest years ever on record have happened since 1998. The top five are 2015, 2014, 2010, 2013, and 2005. (2016, which shattered temperature records, is likely to join that list soon.) 
  • Arctic sea ice is in massive decline, which makes it likely the North Pole will become ice-free in a future summer.
  • Permafrost is melting across the northern hemisphere.
  • The atmosphere has reached CO2 levels not seen in 15 million years.

Speaking to Business Insider in November, Mark Serreze, Director of the National Snow and Ice Data center, said it's not that complicated for scientists to figure out the underlying factors that contribute to climate change.

"We understand the physics of what's happening pretty well now," he said. "If you load the atmosphere with a greenhouse gas, it will induce a warming. It's all based on an understanding of how electromagnetic radiation and matter interact. It's a very mature science. If you are going to deny that somehow, you'd have to deny that your microwave oven works."

Serreze also said people are invited to come to the NSIDC to download snow and ice data and do their own analysis if they want, though he said deniers of global warming rarely take him up on it.

Watch the CNBC clip below:

SEE ALSO: The EPA will no longer require oil and gas companies to report their methane emissions

Join the conversation about this story »

NOW WATCH: This startling animation shows how much Arctic sea ice has thinned in just 26 years

Hundreds of wild boars are roaming the radiation-hit areas of Japan

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Following the 2011 nuclear disaster in Fukushima, Japan, wild boars descended from the surrounding forests to inhabit the cities. With the evacuation orders on several towns about to be lifted, animal control hunter groups are working to remove the boars from the area. 

 

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Here's why California got slammed by so many storms this winter

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California flood

This winter has been one of the wettest and snowiest on record for California, but what caused so many storms to slam into the state?

The weather pattern this winter has been very beneficial for the exceptional, multi-year drought that has plagued the state, filling water reservoirs and almost completely eliminating the drought in just a few short months.

“It has been a very interesting winter across most of the United States with very stormy and chilly weather in the West,” AccuWeather Long-Range Forecaster Jack Boston said.

The beneficial moisture came as a surprise to the public due to the development of a weak La Niña, a phenomenon that usually results in a drier-than-normal winter across California.

La Niña occurs when ocean water temperature are below normal across the central and eastern Pacific Ocean near the equator. This is the counterpart to El Niño, which typically favors wetter-than-normal weather across California.

However, there are many other phenomena that occur that can influence the global weather pattern besides La Niña or El Niño.

“The main reason for the persistent, excessive drought-busting rains in California appears to be unrelated to any affects that La Niña might have caused,” Boston said.

“The factor that has caused all of the storminess in California this season seems to be an unusual sea surface temperature distribution in the Pacific Ocean,” Boston said.

Boston explained that water temperatures across the northern Pacific Ocean were significantly lower than normal while water temperatures just south of Hawaii were well above average throughout much of the winter.

This unusually large, north-to-south contrast in water temperature influenced the jet stream, leading to a very active pattern that sent waves of storm systems directed at California, especially during January and February.

The jet stream is a fast river of air high in the atmosphere that is essentially the highway on which storm systems travel.

SEE ALSO: PA chief claims carbon dioxide is not a primary contributor to climate change, despite scientific consensus

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NOW WATCH: China is spending $168 million on weather-controlling technology

This week's blizzard could be the biggest March snowstorm New York has seen in 129 years

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A massive blizzard is expected to bury much of the East Coast in snow on Tuesday, according to the National Weather Service.

The affected area stretches from northern Virginia to Maine and into Canada, with the core of the storm slated to hit eight states. A blizzard warning will be in effect for New York City and parts of New York state and New Jersey, with over a foot of snow likely in Manhattan. Whiteout conditions and powerful, dangerous winds are expected as well.

snow forecast nyc

If the storm proceeds as expected, it would be just the fifth blizzard on record to dump more than a foot of snow on Manhattan in March and the first since 1960.

And if current forecasts pan out, it could actually be the biggest March storm in the city since 1888.

Boston and Philadelphia can also expect at least a foot of snow, and over half a foot will most likely accumulate in Washington, DC.

This rare weather event, which begins Monday in the Midwest with smaller snowfalls of just 1 or 2 inches, will punctuate a winter marked by unusual warmth. Chicago went snow-free in January and February for the first time in recorded history.

More than 1,500 flights have been canceled ahead of the storm, which will scramble transport across the US. Road travel will also most likely become difficult or dangerous in the worst-hit areas.

The late-March storm at the end of a warm winter could spell bad news for plants and crops across a large swath of the US (a bigger area than the region in the storm's path), according to the National Weather Service. Measurements of plant and leaf growth show spring has already begun early across much of the country, with buds emerging and plants coming out of their winter stasis early.

A blast of cold air could kill early fruits and leaves and lead to weak crop yields and dead plants across the affected area.

Follow Business Insider and your local weather report for more details on the impending storm.

SEE ALSO: EPA chief claims carbon dioxide is not a primary contributor to climate change, despite scientific consensus

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NOW WATCH: Watch 6 hours of Winter Storm Niko in under one minute

The EPA's science office just removed the word 'science' from its mission statement

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Scott Pruitt hat happy EPA

As President Donald Trump took office in late January, his administration began changing the language on government websites. Changes to Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) pages were among the more notable modifications, including the deletion of "science" from the mission statement of the EPA's Office of Science and Technology Policy (OST).

These changes and others have been documented by the Environmental Data and Governance Initiative (EDGI). On March 7, EDGI shared this deletion with the New Republic and Gretchen Gehrke, a member of the EDGI website tracking team, provided some commentary on the change.

"This is probably the most important thing we've found so far," Gehrke told the New Republic. "The language changes here are not nuanced — they have really important regulatory implications."

The OST of the EPA has historically been tasked with developing clean water standards for states. Until January 30, 2017, the OST's portion of the website described the standards as "science-based," in that they were founded on scientific, peer-reviewed recommendations for safe levels of water pollutants for drinking, fishing, or swimming. As of January 30, OST says it develops "economically and technologically achievable standards," not "science-based" standards.

EPA language changes

The importance of using science and evidence to make decisions about the future of society and our world is widely understood. For example, although the tension between policymaking and science has been recognized by both scientists and public servants, many tools have been developed for policymakers, such as "Twenty tips for interpreting scientific claims," a primer on understanding science, and "Bridging the gap between science and decision making," another basic reference for policymakers. The existence of these resources highlight the importance of science-based policymaking.

Signaling Different Priorities

Gehrke told the New Republic that the move away from "science-based" and toward "economically achievable" refers to ongoing conflicts over regulating environmental polluters — mostly businesses. Performance-based regulations are often pushed by environmentalists; these regulations require that air and water meet certain quality standards, no matter the economic cost. The shift means technology-based standards instead, where using certain types of technology is enough, even if air and water quality no longer meets the same high standards as before.

Some fear that these changes reveal a new purpose for the EPA: the prioritization of business interests over public health and the environment. New EPA Administrator Scott Pruitt has close ties to fossil-fuel companies and has repeatedly failed to mention public health or environmentalist stakeholders as agency concerns. Recent decisions to end emissions reporting requirements for businesses and Pruitt's statements about CO2 emissions, which directly contradict established scientific consensus, seem to support these concerns.

Andrew Rosenberg, director of the Union of Concerned Scientists's Center for Science and Democracy said his organization shares these concerns and cites prioritization of the "economically achievable" for businesses over the best science a "major change in direction."

"The role of the EPA is to protect public health and safety," Rosenberg said in an interview with the New Republic. "So what you want a science office to do is make sure you're using the best science available, and what's safe for the public. That's a pretty critical role."

SEE ALSO: EPA chief claims carbon dioxide is not a primary contributor to climate change, despite scientific consensus

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The top 13 fruits and vegetables you should probably buy organic

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strawberries strawberry skin organic gmo food produce shutterstock_92298610

In produce aisles across America, shoppers face the same conundrum over and over again: Buy organic to avoid pesticides, or save money and just get the cheaper stuff?

There's no one-size-fits-all answer.

Pesticide use on fruits and vegetables varies from one crop, region, and grower to the next, and buying organic doesn't always guarantee a food will be pesticide-free. (The USDA permits organic farmers to use certain pesticides; also, chemicals applied to conventional crops can drift onto plots of certified-organic food.)

Pesticide exposure likely isn't as dangerous as many advocacy groups claim, and washing all produce can limit exposure. Still, there is some evidence that pesticides may affect the health of kids.

"Even low levels of pesticide exposure can be harmful to infants, babies, and young children," Dr. Phillip Landrigan, a pediatrician and epidemiologist at the Mt. Sinai School of Medicine in New York, told USA Today. "[S]o when possible, parents and caregivers should take steps to lower children's exposures to pesticides while still feeding them diets rich in healthy fruits and vegetables."

One way to cut through the noise is the Pesticide Data Program run by the US Department of Agriculture (USDA). The program targets foods most commonly eaten by children, collects thousands of samples nationwide, tests them for pesticide residues, and annually releases its findings to the public and government agencies.

The program's reports can run hundreds of pages long, however, so each year a non-profit called the Environmental Working Group (EWG) compiles the data into its "dirty dozen": a list of conventionally grown produce items with the worst track records when it comes to pesticide residues — and the ones EWG therefore recommends you buy organic.

We've provided EWG's 2017 results below. Each crop is scored and ranked based on six criteria, including the amount and variety of trace pesticides found.

While not an end-all, be-all answer, it's a handy guide for those who don't have time to sit down and pore over the latest USDA dataset.

SEE ALSO: 16 genetically modified foods that are critical to the US food supply

DON'T MISS: Here's what fruits and vegetables looked like before we domesticated them

1. Strawberries

About 98% of strawberries sampled by the USDA had at least one pesticide on them, and one sample showed the presence of 20 different pesticides.



2. Spinach

Spinach ranked 8th in EWG's 2016 "dirty dozen" list but moved up six spots this year.

"Spinach samples had, on average, twice as much pesticide residue by weight than any other crop,"according to EWG.



3. Nectarines



See the rest of the story at Business Insider

A British cruise ship has crashed into pristine Indonesian coral reefs

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Coral grows in the waters off Raja Ampat's Kri Island located in eastern Indonesia's Papua region

Sorong (Indonesia) (AFP) - A British-owned cruise ship has smashed into and damaged pristine coral reefs in a remote corner of Indonesia known as one of the world's most biodiverse marine habitats, researchers and officials said Tuesday.

Raja Ampat in eastern Indonesia has long been a top attraction for intrepid travellers and avid divers, home to palm-fringed islands surrounded by an underwater kaleidoscope of coral and fish.

But the 4,200-ton Caledonian Sky slammed into the reefs at low tide around Kri, one of hundreds of small islands in Raja Ampat, earlier this month after taking the tourists aboard on a bird-watching expedition.

caledonian sky

The boat, which was carrying 102 passengers and 79 crew, became grounded on the reefs and had to be refloated by a tug boat before continuing on its journey.

The accident has damaged an estimated 13,500 square metres (145,000 square feet) of coral reef which could cost up to $16.2 million to restore, according to Ricardo Tapilatu, a marine researcher from the University of Papua who headed a team assessing the impact.

There has been outrage in the local tourism industry which relies on Raja Ampat's natural wonders for its survival.

"How can this happen? Was a 12-year-old at the wheel?" Stay Raja Ampat, a website that links tourists up with homestays, said on its Facebook page.

"Anchor damage from ships like these is bad enough, but actually grounding a ship on a reef takes it to a whole new level."

coral reefs are seen in the waters of Tatawa Besar, Komodo islands, Indonesia.

Head of Raja Ampat's tourism agency Yusdi Lamatenggo confirmed the accident, which took place on March 4.

Environmental group Conservation International said that the Bahamas-flagged ship had gone into an area that it should not have entered due to the unique coral reefs.

"This is a very, very big loss for us," Victor Nikijuluw, the marine programme director at Conservational International Indonesia, told AFP.

The ship's operator, Britain-based tour company Noble Caledonia, said in a statement to the Jakarta Post newspaper that it is "firmly committed to the protection of the environment and as such deeply regrets any damage caused to the reef".

The Indonesian government said it was assessing the damage and would seek compensation from the operator.

The remote archipelago of Raja Ampat — which means Four Kingdoms in Indonesian — lies between the Pacific and Indian oceans. A 2002 report from Conservation International said it was home to nearly 1,400 varieties of fish and 603 species of coral.

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The worst of the historic blizzard has missed New York, Philly, Boston, and DC

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snowstorm stella

New York City, Philadelphia, Baltimore, Boston, and Washington, DC, all dodged the worst of the East Coast blizzard Tuesday morning, as the most intense parts of the storm shifted west and away from the major urban centers.

The National Weather Service lifted the blizzard warning for New York City, which is now expected to get only 4 to 6 inches of snow, mixed with sleet, on Tuesday. Boston is likely to get the most intense snowfall of the major East Coast urban centers, with up to a foot still possible.

Some less urban parts of Pennsylvania, New Jersey, New York, and Massachusetts are still set to get walloped by the storm, however. The historic, 24-inch-plus accumulations that had been predicted to break records for New York City are turning up in the Hudson Valley instead. Blizzard warnings remain in effect across much of those states.

New York City's subways were running as of this writing, though with service suspended at above-ground stations.

Subway service continues to function normally in Boston, though the ferry and trolley service is suspended. Subways in Philadelphia and Washington, DC, are running with delays.

For the moment, all major airports along the East Coast are open, and flights are departing, though more than 5,000 flights were canceled across the Northeast.

Here are the latest snowfall forecast maps:

New York

StormTotalSnowWeb

Massachusetts

StormTotalSnowWeb (1)

Pennsylvania and New Jersey

StormTotalSnowWeb (2)

Virginia, Maryland, and Washington, DCStormTotalSnowWeb (3)

SEE ALSO: This week's bizarre East Coast snowstorm is a symptom of Earth's new freak seasons

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15 organic fruits and vegetables that may not be worth your money

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child kid girl eating corn on the cob shutterstock_420231409

Is that organic fruit or vegetable you're eyeing worth paying about 50% more to reduce the likelihood of pesticide exposure?

Maybe, maybe not.

Pesticide use varies from one crop, region, and grower to the next, and buying organic produce doesn't always guarantee the food will be free of residues. (The USDA allows organic farmers to use some pesticides; also, chemicals applied to conventionally grown crops can drift over to organic plots.)

Pesticide exposure most likely isn't as dangerous as many advocacy groups claim, too, and washing all produce can limit exposure. Still, there is some evidence that pesticides may affect the health of kids.

"Even low levels of pesticide exposure can be harmful to infants, babies, and young children," Dr. Philip Landrigan, a pediatrician and epidemiologist at the Mt. Sinai School of Medicine in New York, told USA Today. "So when possible, parents and caregivers should take steps to lower children's exposures to pesticides while still feeding them diets rich in healthy fruits and vegetables."

The Pesticide Data Program— run by the US Department of Agriculture — is a good way to cut through the noise. Each year, the program examines thousands of samples of the foods children eat most frequently, tests them for pesticide residues, and releases its findings.

The USDA's reports aren't exactly easy to read, though, so a nonprofit called the Environmental Working Group compiles the data into its "clean fifteen": a list of conventionally grown produce items with the best track records when it comes to pesticide residues — and the ones EWG says you can probably skip buying organic.

Each food in the EWG's list below is ranked based on six criteria, primarily by the trace amounts and variety of pesticides found by the USDA.

While it's anything but the gospel when it comes to your own shopping choices, it can be a handy guide for busy families that don't have time to pore over the USDA's latest data.

Note: EWG also publishes a "dirty dozen" list of foods that it recommends buying organic.

DON'T MISS: 13 fruits and vegetables you should probably buy organic

SEE ALSO: 16 genetically modified foods that are critical to the US food supply

1. Sweet corn

Only about 1% of conventionally grown sweet corn sampled by the USDA showed detectable levels of trace pesticides, according to EWG.



2. Avocados

The same low percentage was true of avocados.



3. Pineapples

As a group, four of five samples of pineapples, papayas, asparagus, onions, and cabbage had no detectable pesticide residues, EWG said.



See the rest of the story at Business Insider

Photos show the East Coast blizzard's harsh impact across the region

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snow shovel yonkers

Snowstorm Stella didn't meet forecast predictions in some major population centers, including New York City.

Instead, the storm shifted west and struck less-dense areas on the East Coast. Meteorologists say particular features of the I-95 corridor make it especially difficult for forecasters to get it right.

Nonetheless, the storm's impact was widely felt in inland areas. These photos show how intense it got.

SEE ALSO: The worst of the historic blizzard has missed New York, Philly, Boston, and DC

The snowstorm pushed huge amounts of snow and heavy winds across the East Coast on March 14.



Early forecasts suggested that major cities including Boston, Philadelphia, and New York City could experience historic March snowfalls.



But the most intense bands of the storm skirted north and west, just missing New York City.



See the rest of the story at Business Insider

17 House Republicans just signed a resolution committing to fight climate change

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Elise Stefanik

NEW YORK (Reuters) - A group of 17 Republican members of Congress signed a resolution on Wednesday vowing to seek "economically viable" ways to combat global warming, a move that may put them on a collision course with President Donald Trump who has called climate change a hoax.

The legislation was introduced by three Republican members of Congress, Elise Stefanik of New York, Carlos Curbelo of Florida and Ryan Costello of Pennsylvania. It pledges to "study and address the causes and effects of measured changes to our global and regional climates" and seek ways to "balance human activities" that contribute.

 

SEE ALSO: EPA chief claims carbon dioxide is not a primary contributor to climate change, despite scientific consensus

Join the conversation about this story »

NOW WATCH: This startling animation shows how much Arctic sea ice has thinned in just 26 years

A massive algae bloom the size of Mexico has turned the entire Arabian Sea emerald green

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AP_17066439507873 gulf of oman algae bloom

BANDAR AL-ROWDAH, Oman (AP) — The Gulf of Oman turns green twice a year, when an algae bloom the size of Mexico spreads across the Arabian Sea all the way to India.

Scientists who study the algae say the microscopic organisms are thriving in new conditions brought about by climate change, and displacing the zooplankton that underpin the local food chain, threatening the entire marine ecosystem.

Khalid al-Hashmi, a marine biologist at the Sultan Qaboos University in Oman, wrinkles his nose as the research vessel nears the bloom. "Sea stench," he says, referring to the algae's ammonia secretions. "It's here, you can smell it." 

He signals the boat to stop as it speeds beneath a gigantic rock arch off the coast of Muscat, the capital of Oman, an arid sultanate on the southeastern corner of the Arabian Peninsula. The captain kills the engine and drops anchor into a slick of bright green muck surrounded by crystal-clear blue water.

The swarms of microscopic creatures beneath the surface of the Gulf of Oman were all but invisible 30 years ago — now they form giant, murky shapes that can be seen from satellites.

Across the planet, blooms have wrecked local ecosystems. Algae can paralyze fish, clog their gills, and absorb enough oxygen to suffocate them. Whales, turtles, dolphins and manatees have died, poisoned by algal toxins, in the Atlantic and Pacific. These toxins have infiltrated whole marine food chains and have, in rare cases, killed people, according to the U.N. science agency.

AP_17067539826146 algae bloom gulf of omanIn the Great Lakes of North America, Thailand and the Seychelles, the algae bloom green. In Florida they are red, in the North Atlantic they are chalky white, and in Puget Sound they are orange. The Irish call it the "sea ghost," and the Taiwanese refer to the blooms as "blue tears."

NASA uses satellites and floating robots to monitor the blooms, said Paula Bontempi, the manager for ocean carbon and biology projects at the U.S. space agency. "It's like a Van Gogh painting," she said, referring to satellite images of swirls of chlorophyll spiraling across the world's oceans. "Absolutely beautiful."

It's less attractive up close, where it can be "almost guacamole-like" in some lakes. "It smells bad, it looks bad," she said.

The satellite technology has enabled scientists to link the algae to higher levels of air and water pollution in recent decades, but Bontempi said questions remain. "We know that our Earth is changing," she said. "It may be in a direction we might not like."

Scientists based at the Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory at Columbia University trace Oman's blooms to melting ice in the Himalayas. Less ice has raised temperatures in South Asia and strengthened the Indian Ocean's southwest monsoon. As this weather front moves across the Arabian Sea every year, it churned up oxygen-poor water thick with nutrients that have fueled the rise of a 1.2-billion-year old algae called noctiluca scintillans.

For the past 15 years, observatory biogeochemist Joaquim Goes, al-Hashmi and biological oceanographer Helga do Rosario Gomes have tracked blooms in the Arabian Sea using boats, satellites and remote sensors.

Goes said the blooms have caused a "short-circuiting of the food chain," endangering other marine life.

AP_17066439311021 algae bloom gulf of oman"Normally these things happen slowly, usually we talk about tens of hundreds of years. Here it's happening overnight," he said. "The transformation is happening before our eyes."

The algae blooms pose a number of threats to Oman, whose fishing and trading ships have plied these waters for centuries.

Thick blooms reduce visibility, making it difficult for divers to repair undersea gas infrastructure. It can also clog the intake pipes of the desalinization plants that produce up to 90 percent of the country's fresh water.

Fishermen call Oman's marine research center when they spot blooms.

Marine ecologist Ahmad al-Alawi adds these reports to four decades of observations before comparing them with satellite images of the swirling chlorophyll. He says the blooms are growing bigger and lasting longer, displacing the zooplankton at the bottom of the local food chain.

The algae has attracted more whale sharks — a major draw for divers — but many tourists have cancelled their trips at the sight of the green, murky waves, said Ollie Clarke, a dive instructor at the Bandar al-Rowdah marina near Muscat.

It also poses a threat to the country's fisheries. An outbreak of a different kind of algae in 2008 led to the beaching of 50 tons of oxygen-starved fish, which rotted up and down the coast, al-Alawi said.

The researchers have found cause for both despair and hope by studying a live noctiluca culture in their lab: The blooms will likely spread as the Indian Ocean continues to absorb greenhouse gas emissions, but could be contained if they are sprayed with fresh water. Goes and Gomes hope to develop an early-warning system for Oman modeled on one operated by the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration in Florida

But Saleh al-Mashari, who learned to sail and fish as a boy in the small coastal village where he still lives, and who now captains a researcher vessel, said the damage is already done.

"The fish are migrating," he said. "They can't get enough air here."

SEE ALSO: The ocean off the Jersey Shore looks like it's straight out of the Caribbean right now — here's why

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